Part IV: Numbers II, Colors and Calendar
IV-A: Numbers II
The following is how to count from 100 to 90,000 in Japanese:
百 (ひゃく/hyaku) — 100
二百 (にひゃく/nihyaku) — 200
三百 (さんびゃく/sanbyaku)* — 300
四百 (よんひゃく/yonhyaku) — 400
五百 (ごひゃく/gohyaku) — 500
六百 (ろっぴゃく/roppyaku)* — 600
七百 (ななひゃく/nanahyaku) — 700
八百 (はっぴゃく/happyaku)* — 800
九百 (きゅうひゃく/kyuuhyaku) — 900
千 (せん/sen) — 1,000
二千 (にせん/nisen) — 2,000
三千 (さんぜん/sanzen)* — 3,000
四千 (よんせん/yonsen) — 4,000
五千 (ごせん/gosen) — 5,000
六千 (ろくせん/rokusen) — 6,000
七千 (ななせん/nanasen) — 7,000
八千 (はっせん/hassen)* — 8,000
九千 (きゅうせん/kyuusen) — 9,000
一万 (いちまん/ichiman) — 10,000
二万 (にまん/niman) — 20,000
三万 (さんまん/sanman) — 30,000
四万 (よんまん/yonman) — 40,000
五万 (ごまん/goman) — 50,000
六万 (ろくまん/rokuman) — 60,000
七万 (ななまん/nanaman) — 70,000
八万 (はちまん/hachiman) — 80,000
九万 (きゅうまん/kyuuman) — 90,000
(The asterisked numbers are special numbers and are always pronounced the way they're presented.)
Be sure to take care with special numbers when writing and saying complicated numbers.
Ex. 3,689 = 三千六百八十九 (さんぜんろっぴゃくはちじゅうきゅう)
Sanzenroppyakuhachijyuukyuu
IV-B: Colors
The following is how to say colors in Japanese (we'll learn the kanji for these a lot later):
あかい (akai) — red
オレンジ (orenji) — orange
きろい (kiroi) — yellow
みどり (midori) — green
あおい (aoi) — blue
むらさき (murasaki) — purple/violet
ピンク (pinku) — pink
きん (kin) — gold
ぎん／シルバー (gin/shirubaa) — silver
One thing to note here is that in written and spoken language, a color word has a decent chance of being followed by the marker "色/いろ" (iro).
IV-C: Calendar
The following is how to say days and months in Japanese, as well as how to express relevant amounts of time.
日曜日 (にちようび/nichiyoubi) — Sunday
月曜日 (げつようび/getsuyoubi) — Monday
火曜日 (かようび/kayoubi) — Tuesday
水曜日 (すいようび/suiyoubi) — Wednesday
木曜日 (もくようび/mokuyoubi) — Thursday
金曜日 (きんようび/kinyoubi) — Friday
土曜日 (どようび/doyoubi — Saturday
一月 (いちがつ/ichigatsu) — January
二月 (にがつ/nigatsu) — February
三月 (さんがつ/sangatsu) — March
四月 (しがつ/shigatsu)* — April
五月 (ごがつ/gogatsu) — May
六月 (ろくがつ/rokugatsu) — June
七月 (しちがつ/shichigatsu)* — July
八月 (はちがつ/hachigatsu) — August
九月 (くがつ/kugatsu)* — September
十月 (じゅうがつ/jyuugatsu) — October
十一月 (じゅういちがつ/jyuuichigatsu) — November
十二月 (じゅうにがつ/jyuunigatsu) — December
(The asterisked months are always pronounced in the manner presented.)
ついたち (tsuitachi)* — 1st of the month
ふつか (futsuka)* — 2nd of the month
みっか (mikka)* — 3rd of the month
よっか (yokka)* — 4th of the month
いつか (itsuka)* — 5th of the month
むいか (muika)* — 6th of the month
なのか (nanoka)* — 7th of the month
ようか (youka)* — 8th of the month
ここのか (kokonoka)* — 9th of the month
とおか (tooka)* — 10th of the month
じゅういちにち (jyuuichinichi) — 11th
じゅうににち (jyuuninichi) — 12th
じゅうさんにち (jyuusannichi) — 13th
じゅうよっか (jyuuyokka)* — 14th
じゅうごにち (jyuugonichi) — 15th
じゅうろくにち (jyuurokunichi) — 16th
じゅうしちにち (jyuushichinichi)* — 17th
じゅうはちにち (jyuuhachinichi) — 18th
じゅうくにち (jyuukunichi)* — 19th
はつか (hatsuka)* — 20th
にじゅういちにち (nijyuuichinichi) — 21st
にじゅうににち (nijyuuninichi) — 22nd
にじゅうさんにち (nijyuusannichi) — 23rd
にじゅうよっか (nijyuuyokka)* — 24th
にじゅうごにち (nijyuugonichi) — 25th
にじゅうろくにち (nijyuurokunichi) — 26th
にじゅうしちにち (nijyuushichinichi)* — 27th
にじゅうはちにち (nijyuuhachinichi) — 28th
にじゅうくにち (nijyuukunichi)* — 29th
さんじゅうにち (sanjyuunichi) — 30th
さんじゅういちにち (sanjyuuichinichi) — 31st
Many people consider the days of the month very difficult to learn because of all the special words that make them up (as marked by asterisks). I would suggest careful review and memorization to remember the first ten (be really careful with よっか and ようか, since they are really similar). As for the other ones, just remember a mixture of the age words and month words (you'll notice there are a lot of similarities there).
おととい (ototoi) — the day before yesterday
きのう (kinou) — yesterday
きょう (kyou) — today
あした (ashita) — tomorrow
あさって (asatte) — the day after tomorrow
せんせんしゅう (sensenshuu) — the week before last
せんしゅう (senshuu) — last week
こんしゅう (konshuu) — this week
らいしゅう (raishuu) — next week
さらいしゅう (saraishuu) — the week after next
にかげつまえ (nikagetsumae) — the month before last
せんげつ (sengetsu) — last month
こんげつ (kongetsu) — this month
らいげつ (raigetsu) — next month
さらいげつ (saraigetsu) — the month after next
おととし (ototoshi) — the year before last
きょねん (kyonen) — last year
ことし (kotoshi) — this year
らいねん (rainen) — next year
さらいねん (sarainen) — the year after next
